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Although Namibian agriculture contributes only 12% of Namibia’s GDP, about 70% of the Namibian population depend on agricultural activities for their livelihood, mostly in the subsistence sector. In the largely white-dominated commercial sector, agriculture consists primarily of livestock ranching. Cattleraising is predominant in the central and northern regions, while karakul sheep, goat and ostrich farming are concentrated in the more arid southern regions.
Natural Resources
Mining contributed 13% of GDP in 1999, of which diamond mining activities represented 9%. Diamond production totalled 1.5 million carats (300kg) in 2000, generating nearly US $500 million in export earnings. Other important mineral resources are uranium, copper, lead and zinc. The country is also a source of gold, silver, tin, vanadium, semi-precious gemstones, tantalite, phosphate, sulphur and salt. During the pre-independence period, large areas of Namibia, including offshore, were leased for oil prospecting. Some natural gas was discovered in 1974 in the Kudu Field off the mouth of the Orange River, but the extent of this find is only now being determined.
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Investment
Namibia offers potential investors a generally positive investment climate in which the maintenance of macroeconomic stability and the creation of an enabling environment for private sector activity, industrial growth, export promotion and foreign direct investment (FDI) is a prime concern. The Namibian economy has a modern market sector, which produces most of the country’s wealth, and a traditional subsistence sector. Namibia’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is relatively high among developing countries but obscures one of the most unequal income distributions on the African continent.
Namibia, situated in the south-western part of the African continent, is a vast, semi-arid country with a total area of 824,269 square kilometres and population of about 1.8 million people. Bushmen (also called San) are generally assumed to have been the earliest inhabitants of the region comprising today’s Namibia, Botswana and South Africa. The Bushmen were hunters and gatherers with a nomadic lifestyle. The most important part of their diet consisted of fruits, nuts and roots, but they also hunted different kinds of antelope. Over time, many different ethnic groups of immigrants settled in Namibia. The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by these Bushmen, Damara, Namaqua, and since about the 14th century by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion.