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The energy sector is one of the major components of Egypt’s trade balance. A vital source of foreign exchange, the energy sector can be divided into three main industries: petroleum or oil, natural gas, and electricity. While oil has played a crucial role in Egypt’s economy over the past several decades, the combination of maturing oil wells and the rise of natural gas have diminished its importance in recent years. Recently, a number of substantial natural gas discoveries have pushed the gas industry into the spotlight as a viable substitute for oil and a major export product. Concerning electricity, Egypt has been steadily increasing its electric energy capacity and coverage in recent years to meet increased demand. Private sector projects and regional cooperation could well make Egypt an important electricity hub.
Economic reforms
Economic growth and reform in Egypt has slowed in recent years due to external shocks and government delays in implementing necessary reforms. Major reforms have been undertaken, if not fully implemented, in the past two years including a more flexible exchange policy and banking sector reforms. This renewed interest in reform activism indicates the government’s proactive stance and dedication to developing a more attractive business environment for foreign investment. If reform momentum continues over the next year without being undermined by exogenous shocks, the prospect of a modest economic turnaround is expected
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INVESTMENT
Egypt occupies the North Eastern Corner of Africa. It is bounded from the north by the Mediterranean Sea and from the east by the Red Sea and Sinai Peninsula. Egypt therefore represents an ideal gateway to Europe, Africa, the MENA region and the rest of the world.The Suez Canal, that links the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, is a vital linkage to both Egypt and the world. This strategic location puts Egypt at the crossroads of global trade and makes it a major commercial and transhipment destination. Accordingly Egypt can act as a hub to a competitively international market of more than one billion people. Due to this geographic location, Egypt’s time zone (GMT+2) permits it to be in a permanent contact with all businesses and financial centres across the world. Egypt has a long history of agriculture activities and a well organized irrigation system. It has a fertile cultivated land and the highest crop productivity in the region. This helps Egypt to grow plenty of different crops, and meet with domestic and international demand especially in Europe during the off seasons. The bilateral Free trade agreements between Egypt and certain Arab countries, over the past few years, aimed at enhancing trade exchange and boosting Egyptian exports. The EU is the major trading partner, and currently accounts for about 28% of Egyptian exports, and 27% of its imports. Italy, Germany, France, and the UK are Egypt’s main EU trading partners and account for over 70% of EU / Egyptian trade. According to the Egypt - EU Partnership Agreement, a free trade area will be established during a 12 - year transitional period from the date of application of the agreement.
Egypt is a formidable land whose history goes back to more than five thousand years. It is the museum of history and the melting pot of the greatest civilisations throughout the ages. On its land the Pharaonic, Greek, Roman, Jewish, Christian and Islamic civilisations flourished. Egypt’s strategic position at the crossroads of Europe, Africa and Asia has made it a place of exchange since ancient times. Egypt’s well-established political stability has led to an increasing role as a regional leader on all levels. Politically, Egypt is a pacifying factor and a strong defender of peace in the Middle East conflict. Economically, it has become a “hub” for the region and Africa at large. Through an important package of reform measures adopted for two decades, Egypt has changed into a dynamic, high growth economy. These reforms have put in place a marketbased, liberal, privately led economy that is truly capable of facing global competition in the twenty-first century.